What is Acne and Why Does It Occur?
Acne is one of the most common skin issues that can affect individuals of all ages. While it frequently emerges during adolescence due to hormonal changes, it can also persist into adulthood. Acne occurs when the sebaceous glands in the skin become overactive, and dead skin cells block the pores. When pores are blocked, bacteria on the skin surface can multiply, leading to infection and the formation of inflamed acne lesions.
There are numerous reasons why acne develops, including:
- Hormonal Changes: During periods of hormonal fluctuations, such as puberty, pregnancy, the use of birth control pills, or menopause, hormone levels change, leading to increased oil production in the skin, which can result in acne.
- Genetics: Individuals with a family history of acne are more prone to developing it.
- Skincare Products: Using inappropriate cosmetics and skincare products can clog pores and trigger acne formation. Products labeled as "comedogenic" have a higher likelihood of causing acne.
- Diet: Foods with a high glycemic index, dairy products, and sugary foods can also contribute to acne.
- Stress: While stress does not directly cause acne, stress hormones can increase oil production in the skin, exacerbating acne conditions.
What Are the Types of Acne?
Not all acne is the same, and treatment plans must be tailored to the type of acne present. The main types of acne include:
- Comedones (Blackheads and Whiteheads): These are blocked pores. Blackheads form when the pore remains open, allowing the accumulated oil and debris to turn black due to exposure to air. Whiteheads occur when the pore is closed, trapping oil and dead skin cells beneath the surface.
- Papules: Small, red, inflamed bumps that don’t penetrate deep into the skin.
- Pustules: Similar to papules but filled with pus, resulting in a white head.
- Nodules and Cysts: These are larger, painful lumps deep under the skin. They often result in scarring if not treated properly.
What Are the Acne Treatment Methods?
Acne treatment is customized based on the individual’s skin type, the severity of the acne, and its type. A one-size-fits-all approach doesn’t work for acne treatment, which is why personalizing the treatment plan is crucial. The main treatment options for acne include:
Topical Treatments
Topical treatments involve applying medications directly to the skin. These treatments can help unclog pores, reduce inflammation, and kill bacteria. The most commonly used topical treatments are:
- Retinoids: These drugs help prevent dead skin cells from blocking pores and also promote faster skin cell turnover, reducing acne scars.
- Benzoyl Peroxide: Known for its antibacterial properties, this ingredient helps eliminate bacteria on the skin’s surface, aiding in acne healing.
- Salicylic Acid: It helps prevent clogged pores and is often used for mild to moderate acne.
Oral Medications
In severe acne cases, oral medications may be necessary. These medications work systemically to reduce inflammation and control oil production in the skin. Oral treatment options include:
- Antibiotics: They help by reducing bacteria on the skin and alleviating inflammation in inflammatory acne.
- Birth Control Pills: In women with hormonal acne, birth control pills can balance hormone levels and decrease oil production.
- Isotretinoin: This is a powerful medication used for severe acne. It shrinks the sebaceous glands and reduces oil production. However, due to its potential side effects, it must be used under strict medical supervision.
Laser and Light Therapy
Laser and light therapies have gained popularity in recent years for treating acne. Laser treatments penetrate deep into the skin, shrinking oil glands and reducing inflammation. Additionally, lasers stimulate skin renewal, helping to reduce acne scars. Light therapy, especially blue and red light, targets bacteria on the skin’s surface, accelerating the healing process.
Chemical Peels
Chemical peels involve the application of a solution to the skin that exfoliates dead skin cells. This treatment can smooth the skin’s texture and improve the overall appearance. It’s particularly effective for treating acne scars. The type of chemical peel used depends on the individual’s skin type and the severity of the acne.
Microdermabrasion
Microdermabrasion gently exfoliates the outer layer of the skin. During the procedure, fine crystals or diamond tips are used to remove dead skin cells, unclog pores, and improve the appearance of acne scars. Regular microdermabrasion treatments can lead to a healthier complexion and a smoother skin texture.
Acne Scars and Treatment Options
Once acne is treated, scars may remain, especially when deeper layers of the skin are affected. Acne scar treatments vary depending on the type and severity of the scars. Some of the treatments for acne scars include:
- Laser Therapy: Laser treatments can help reduce the appearance of acne scars by promoting collagen production and encouraging skin renewal.
- Dermaroller (Microneedling): The dermaroller creates tiny micro-channels in the skin, which initiates the skin’s natural healing process. This encourages the formation of new, healthier skin.
- Chemical Peels: Chemical peels can be effective in reducing the appearance of acne scars by exfoliating the outer layers of the skin.
- Filler Injections: In cases of deep acne scars, hyaluronic acid fillers can be used to soften the appearance of scars.
What to Pay Attention to During Acne Treatment
Acne treatment is often a long-term process that requires patience. There are several important considerations to keep in mind during treatment:
- Consistent Skincare Routine: Regularly cleansing the skin is vital to preventing pore blockage. However, over-cleansing can dry out the skin and stimulate excessive oil production. It’s important to choose gentle cleansers.
- Use the Right Skincare Products: Acne-prone skin requires oil-free, non-comedogenic products that do not clog pores. Additionally, using a sunscreen that is suitable for acne-prone skin is essential, as some acne treatments can make the skin more sensitive to the sun.
- Watch Your Diet: Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet can support skin health. Reducing sugar and fatty foods may help in preventing acne breakouts.
- Be Patient with the Treatment: Results from acne treatments may not be immediate. It’s important to remain patient and follow the prescribed treatment plan for long-term success.
Treating Acne According to Skin Type
Every person’s skin is unique, and acne treatments should be tailored accordingly. Whether you have dry, oily, or combination skin, different approaches are needed for effective treatment. At Dr. Esra Nur Ünal's clinic, we analyze your skin type and create a customized treatment plan.
- Dry Skin: For dry skin, it’s important to use products that moisturize without clogging pores. Excessive dryness can weaken the skin barrier, making it more prone to acne.
- Oily Skin: Oily skin tends to experience more acne. Therefore, products that balance oil production are crucial.
- Combination Skin: Combination skin may require regional treatment, with different products for different areas of the face.
Duration and Follow-Up of Acne Treatment
The duration of acne treatment varies from person to person. Mild acne may resolve within a few weeks, while severe cases might take months to treat. The success of acne treatment depends on regular follow-ups and adherence to the prescribed regimen.
Even after treatment, maintaining a proper skincare routine is essential to prevent new acne breakouts. At Dr. Esra Nur Ünal's clinic, we are committed to supporting you throughout the treatment process and beyond.
